Scientific model · Adult-supervised activity
Archimedes’ workshop
Question: can a smaller load balance a larger one?
Set up
Use a ruler, a pencil as the pivot, and identical small counters. An adult stabilizes the pivot on a clear table. Use only small tabletop loads. Keep small parts away from younger children.
First balance the empty ruler at its center. Place one counter the same distance from each side. What happens if you move just one counter farther out?
The governing rule
A weight farther from the pivot produces more turning effect. In our ideal model, balance means the two sides have equal counter count × distance. Real results can differ because the ruler has weight, the pivot has width, and counters can slide.
Worked model: two counters at 6 cm balance three counters at 4 cm: 2 × 6 = 3 × 4 = 12. These are classroom comparison units, not standard torque units.
Try it, then explain it
- Concrete entry: balance one counter against one counter. Draw the pivot and both distances. Predict before moving anything.
- Three counters sit 4 cm left of the pivot. Where would you place two counters on the right? Draw and label your prediction.
- Four counters sit 3 cm left. Two sit 5 cm right. Predict which side goes down. Change only one distance to restore balance.
- Challenge: find three different whole-number pairs with a turning-effect score of 24. Which can your ruler actually test? Explain the difference between a mathematical possibility and your equipment’s limit.
Transfer
With an adult, compare gently pushing an ordinary door near its hinge and near its handle. Keep fingers clear. Explain what stayed the same and what changed. Do not use heavy, spring-loaded or fire doors.
Return after two days
Without today’s model, draw where one counter could balance two counters placed 3 cm from a pivot. Explain your rule before testing.
Science reference: NASA Glenn: torque. Academy’s explanation and tasks are original.